Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Prima Facie shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Prima Facie offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Prima Facie at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Prima Facie? Wrong! If the Prima Facie is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Prima Facie then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Prima Facie? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Prima Facie and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Prima Facie wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Prima Facie then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Prima Facie site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Prima Facie, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Prima Facie, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
Prima facie is a
List of Latin phrases meaning "on its first appearance", or "by first instance". It is used in modern legal English to signify that on first examination, a matter appears to be self-evident from the facts. In common law jurisdictions,
prima facie denotes evidence that (unless rebutted) would be sufficient to prove a particular proposition or fact.
Most legal proceedings require a
prima facie case to exist, following which proceedings may then commence to test it, and create a ruling.
Prima facie and burden of proof
In most legal proceedings, one of the parties has the burden of proof, which requires that party to present
prima facie evidence of all facts essential to its case. If that party fails to present
prima facie evidence on any required element of its case, its claim may be dismissed without any response by the opposing party. A
prima facie case may be insufficient to enable a party to prevail if the opposing party introduces contradictory evidence or asserts an
affirmative defense. Sometimes the introduction of prima facie evidence is informally called
making a case or
building a case.
For example, in a Criminal law
prosecution, the prosecution has the burden of presenting
prima facie evidence of each element of the crime charged. In a
murder case, this would include evidence that the defendant's act caused the victim's death, and evidence that the defendant acted with malice aforethought. If the prosecution were to fail to introduce such evidence, then its case would fail on grounds of "failure to make out a
prima facie case," even without rebuttal by the defendant. This evidence need not be conclusive or irrefutable, and evidence rebutting the case may not be considered.
Prima facie and
res ipsa loquitur
Prima facie is often confused with
res ipsa loquitur ("the thing speaks for itself"), the common law legal doctrine that when the facts suggest that negligence or responsibility for some matter is self-evident, it is not necessary for a plaintiff to provide extraneous details, since "the thing speaks for itself".
The difference between the two is that
prima facie is a term meaning the matter seems obvious and self-explanatory.
Res ipsa loquitur is then the legal argument that
because it is so obvious, the plaintiff can stop their explanation there and does not have to provide any further in-depth details to prove liability, because it "speaks for itself". Example:
"There is a
prima facie case that the defendant is liable. They controlled the pump. The pump was left on and flooded the plaintiff's house. The plaintiff was away and had left the house in the control of the defendant.
Res ipsa loquitur.
Other uses and references
The phrase
prima facie is sometimes misspelled
*prima facia in the mistaken belief that
*facia is the actual Latin word; however, the word is in fact
faciēs (
Latin declension#Fifth declension (e)), of which
faciē is the ablative.
The phrase is very commonly used, in exactly the same sense, in academic
philosophy as well. Among the most notable uses of it in that discipline is the theory of ethics first proposed by
W. D. Ross, often called the
Ethic of Prima Facie Duties, as well as in Epistemology, as used, e.g. by Robert Audi.
See also
References
- Herlitz. (1994). The meaning of the term "prima facie" 55 La.L.Rev. 391
- Audi, Robert (2003). Epistemology, a contemporary introduction, second edition, Routledge, p. 27
Prima facie is a
List of Latin phrases meaning "on its first appearance", or "by first instance". It is used in modern legal English to signify that on first examination, a matter appears to be self-evident from the facts. In common law jurisdictions,
prima facie denotes evidence that (unless rebutted) would be sufficient to prove a particular proposition or fact.
Most legal proceedings require a
prima facie case to exist, following which proceedings may then commence to test it, and create a ruling.
Prima facie and burden of proof
In most legal proceedings, one of the parties has the burden of proof, which requires that party to present
prima facie evidence of all facts essential to its case. If that party fails to present
prima facie evidence on any required element of its case, its claim may be dismissed without any response by the opposing party. A
prima facie case may be insufficient to enable a party to prevail if the opposing party introduces contradictory evidence or asserts an affirmative defense. Sometimes the introduction of prima facie evidence is informally called
making a case or
building a case.
For example, in a
Criminal law prosecution, the prosecution has the burden of presenting
prima facie evidence of each element of the crime charged. In a murder case, this would include evidence that the defendant's act caused the victim's death, and evidence that the defendant acted with
malice aforethought. If the prosecution were to fail to introduce such evidence, then its case would fail on grounds of "failure to make out a
prima facie case," even without rebuttal by the defendant. This evidence need not be conclusive or irrefutable, and evidence rebutting the case may not be considered.
Prima facie and
res ipsa loquitur
Prima facie is often confused with
res ipsa loquitur ("the thing speaks for itself"), the common law legal doctrine that when the facts suggest that
negligence or responsibility for some matter is self-evident, it is not necessary for a plaintiff to provide extraneous details, since "the thing speaks for itself".
The difference between the two is that
prima facie is a term meaning the matter seems obvious and self-explanatory.
Res ipsa loquitur is then the legal argument that
because it is so obvious, the plaintiff can stop their explanation there and does not have to provide any further in-depth details to prove liability, because it "speaks for itself". Example:
"There is a
prima facie case that the defendant is liable. They controlled the pump. The pump was left on and flooded the plaintiff's house. The plaintiff was away and had left the house in the control of the defendant.
Res ipsa loquitur.
Other uses and references
The phrase
prima facie is sometimes misspelled
*prima facia in the mistaken belief that
*facia is the actual Latin word; however, the word is in fact
faciēs (
Latin declension#Fifth declension (e)), of which
faciē is the ablative.
The phrase is very commonly used, in exactly the same sense, in academic philosophy as well. Among the most notable uses of it in that discipline is the theory of
ethics first proposed by
W. D. Ross, often called the
Ethic of Prima Facie Duties, as well as in Epistemology, as used, e.g. by
Robert Audi.
See also
References
- Herlitz. (1994). The meaning of the term "prima facie" 55 La.L.Rev. 391
- Audi, Robert (2003). Epistemology, a contemporary introduction, second edition, Routledge, p. 27
